Rule 31. Harmless Error and Plain Error

Any error that does not affect substantial rights must be disregarded.

Plain error affecting a substantial right can be considered by the court on motion for new trial, post-trial motion, or on appeal even if it was not brought to the trial court's attention.

Committee Notes

Comment - Rule 31

On appeal, the plain error doctrine applies to unobjected-to prosecutorial misconduct. The defendant bears the burden of showing that error occurred and that it was plain. Once the defendant has made that showing, the burden rests with the prosecutor to show that the error did not affect the defendant's substantial rights. See State v. Ramey, 721 N.W.2d 294, 299-300 (Minn. 2006).