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Part 8 — Commencement of Action

8-1 Process
8-10 Surety Company Bond Acceptable
8-11 Action on Probate Bond; Endorsement of Writ
8-12 Renewal of Bond
8-2 Waiver of Court Fees and Costs
8-3 Bond for Prosecution
8-3A Bond for Prosecution or Recognizance
8-4 Certification of Financial Responsibility
8-5 Remedy for Failure To Give Bond
8-6 Bond Ordered by Judicial Authority
8-7 Request To Furnish Bond
8-8 Member of Community Defending To Give Bond
8-9 Bond by Nonresident in Realty Action

Part 9 — Parties

9-1 Continuance for Absent or Nonresident Defendant D
9-10 Orders To Ensure Adequate Representation
9-11 Executor, Administrator or Trustee of Express Trust
9-12 Personal Representatives of Cocontractor
9-13 Persons Liable on Same Instrument
9-14 Defendants Alternately Liable
9-15 Assignee of Part Interest
9-16 Assignment Pending Suit
9-17 Unsatisfied Judgment against One Defendant
9-18 Addition or Substitution of Parties; Additional Parties Summoned in by Court
9-19 Nonjoinder and Misjoinder of Parties
9-2 Defense by Garnishee; Continuance D
9-20 Substituted Plaintiff
9-21 Counterclaim; Third Parties
9-22 Motion To Cite in New Parties
9-23 Suit by Real Party in Interest
9-24 Change of Name by Minor Child
9-25 Action on Bond to Municipal Officer
9-3 Joinder of Parties and Actions; Interested Persons as Plaintiffs
9-4 Joinder of Plaintiffs in One Action
9-5 Consolidation of Actions
9-6 Interested Persons as Defendants
9-7 Class Actions; Prerequisites to Class Actions
9-8 Class Actions Maintainable
9-9 Procedure for Class Certification and Management of Class

Part 10 — Pleadings

10-1 Fact Pleading
10-10 Supplemental Pleadings; Counterclaims
10-11 Impleading of Third Party by Defendant in Civil Action D
10-12 Service of the Pleading and Other Papers; Responsibility of Counsel or Self-Represented Party: Documents and Persons To Be Served
10-13 Method of Service
10-14 Proof of Service
10-15 Numerous Defendants
10-16 Several Parties Represented by One Attorney
10-17 Service by Indifferent Person
10-18 Penalty for Failing To Plead
10-19 Implied Admissions
10-2 Pleading Legal Effect
10-20 Contents of Complaint
10-21 Joinder of Causes of Action
10-22 Transactions Connected with Same Subject
10-23 Joinder of Torts
10-24 Legal and Equitable Relief
10-25 Alternative Relief
10-26 Separate Counts
10-27 Claim for Equitable Relief
10-28 Interest and Costs Need Not Be Claimed
10-29 Exhibits as Part of Pleading D
10-3 Allegations Based on Statutory Grounds; Foreign Law
10-30 Motion To Dismiss; Grounds D
10-31 Opposition; Date for Hearing Motion To Dismiss D
10-32 Waiver Based on Certain Grounds
10-33 Waiver and Subject Matter Jurisdiction
10-34 Further Pleading by Defendant
10-35 Request To Revise
10-36 Reasons in Request To Revise
10-37 Granting of and Objection to Request To Revise D
10-38 Waiver of Pleading Revisions
10-39 Motion To Strike; Grounds
10-4 Implied Duty
10-40 Opposition; Date for Hearing Motion To Strike D
10-41 Reasons in Motion To Strike
10-42 Memorandum of Law—Motion and Objection
10-43 When Memorandum of Decision Required on Motion To Strike
10-44 Substitute Pleading; Judgment D
10-45 Stricken Pleading Part of Another Cause or Defense
10-46 The Answer; General and Special Denial
10-47 Evasive Denials
10-48 Express Admissions and Denials To Be Direct and Specific
10-49 Suit by Corporation; Admission by General Denial
10-5 Untrue Allegations or Denials
10-50 Denials; Special Defenses
10-51 Several Special Defenses
10-52 Admissions and Denials in Special Defense
10-53 Pleading Contributory Negligence
10-54 Pleading of Counterclaim and Setoff
10-55 Withdrawal of Action after Counterclaim
10-56 Subsequent Pleadings; Plaintiff's Response to Answer
10-57 Matter in Avoidance of Answer
10-58 Pleadings Subsequent to Reply
10-59 Amendments; Amendment as of Right by Plaintiff D
10-6 Pleadings Allowed and Their Order
10-60 Amendment by Consent, Order of Judicial Authority, or Failure To Object D
10-61 Pleading after Amendment D
10-62 Variance; Amendment
10-63 Amendment; Legal or Equitable Relief
10-64 Amendment Calling for Legal Relief; Jury Trial
10-65 Amending Contract to Tort and Vice Versa
10-66 Amendment of Amount in Demand
10-67 Amendment of Claim against Insolvent Estate
10-68 Pleading Special Matters; Pleading Notice
10-69 ForeclosureComplaint;Pleading Encumbrances
10-7 Waiving Right To Plead
10-70 Foreclosure of Municipal Liens
10-71 Action on Probate Bond
10-72 Action by Assignee of Chose in Action
10-73 Pleading Charters
10-74 Wrongful Sale; Wrongful Conversion
10-75 Goods Sold; Variance
10-76 Probate Appeals; Reasons of Appeal D
10-77 Appeals from Commissioners D
10-78 Pleading Collateral Source Payments
10-79 Pleading Issues of Policy Limitations
10-8 Time To Plead D
10-9 Common Counts

Part 11 — Motions, Requests, Orders of Notice and Short Calendar

11-1 Form of Motion and Request
11-10 Requirement That Memorandum of Law Be Filed with Certain Motions D
11-11 Motions Which Delay the Commencement of the Appeal Period or Cause the Appeal Period To Start Again
11-12 Motion To Reargue D
11-13 Short Calendar; Need for List; Case Assigned for Trial; Reclaims
11-14 Short Calendar; Frequency; Time; Lists
11-15 Short Calendar; Assignments Automatic D
11-16 Continuances when Counsel's Presence or Oral Argument Required
11-17 Transfers on Short Calendar
11-18 Oral Argument of Motions in Civil Matters D
11-19 Time Limit for Deciding Short Calendar Matters D
11-2 Definition of ''Motion'' and ''Request''
11-20 Closure of Courtroom in Civil Cases D
11-20A Sealing Files or Limiting Disclosure of Documents in Civil Cases D
11-20B Documents Containing Personal Identifying Information D
11-21 Motions for Attorney's Fees D
11-3 Motion for Misjoinder of Parties
11-4 Applications for Orders of Notice
11-5 Subsequent Orders of Notice; Continuance
11-6 Notice by Publication
11-7 Attestation; Publication; Proof of Compliance
11-8 Orders of Notice Directed outside of the United States of America D
11-9 Disclosure of Previous Applications

Part 12 — Transfer of Actions

12-1 Procedure for Transfer
12-2 Transfer of Action Filed in Wrong Location of Correct Court
12-3 Transmission of Files and Papers

Part 13 — Discovery and Depositions

13-1 Definitions
13-10 Responses to Requests for Production; Objections D
13-11 Physical or Mental Examination D
13-11A Motion for Authorization To Obtain Protected Health Information
13-12 Disclosure of Amount and Provisions of Insurance Liability Policy
13-12A Disclosure of Medicare Enrollment, Eligibility and Payments Received
13-13 Disclosure of Assets in Cases in Which Prejudgment Remedy Sought
13-14 Order for Compliance; Failure To Answer or Comply with Order
13-15 Continuing Duty To Disclose
13-16 Orders by Judge
13-17 Disclosure before Court or Committee
13-18 Disclosures in Equity
13-19 Disclosure of Defense D
13-2 Scope of Discovery; In General
13-20 Discovery Sought by Judgment Creditor D
13-21 Discovery outside of the United States of America
13-22 Admission of Facts and Execution of Writings; Requests for Admission
13-23 Answers and Objections to Requests for Admission D
13-24 Effect of Admission
13-25 Expenses on Failure To Admit
13-26 Depositions; In General
13-27 Notice of Deposition; General Requirements; Special Notice; Nonstenographic Recording; Production of Documents and Things; Deposition of Organization D
13-28 Persons before Whom Deposition May Be Taken for Use in Proceedings in this State
13-28A Deposition Subpoenas D
13-29 Place of Deposition
13-3 Materials Prepared in Anticipation of Litigation; Statements of Parties; Privilege Log D
13-30 Deposition Procedure D
13-31 Use of Depositions in Court Proceedings
13-32 Agreements regarding Discovery and Deposition Procedure
13-33 Claim of Privilege or Protection after Production
13-4 Experts D
13-5 Protective Order
13-6 Interrogatories; In General
13-7 Answers to Interrogatories D
13-8 Objections to Interrogatories D
13-9 Requests for Production, Inspection and Examination; In General

Part 14 — Dockets, Trial Lists, Pretrials and Assignment Lists

14-1 Claim for Statutory Exemption or Stay by Reason of Bankruptcy
14-10 Claims for Jury
14-11 Pretrial; Assignment for Pretrial
14-12 When Case Not Disposed of at Pretrial
14-13 Pretrial Procedure
14-14 Orders at Pretrial
14-15 Assignments for Trial in General
14-16 Methods of Assigning Cases for Trial
14-17 Immediate Trial
14-18 Cases Reached for Trial
14-19 Cases Marked Settled D
14-2 Claim for Exemption from Docket Management Program by Reason of Bankruptcy D
14-20 Order of Trial
14-21 Clerk To Communicate with Counsel in Cases Assigned for Week Certain
14-22 Assignment for Trial on Motion of Garnishee D
14-23 Motions To Continue or Postpone Case Assigned for Trial
14-24 Motion To Postpone; Absent Witness; Missing Evidence
14-25 Availability of Counsel for Trial
14-3 Dismissal for Lack of Diligence D
14-4 Maintenance of Case Records
14-5 Definition of Administrative Appeals
14-6 Administrative Appeals Are Civil Actions
14-7 Administrative Appeals; Exceptions
14-7A Administrative Appeals Brought Pursuant to General Statutes § 4183 et seq.; Appearances; Records, Briefs and Scheduling D
14-7B Administrative Appeals from Municipal Land Use, Historic and Resource Protection Agencies; Records, Briefs and Scheduling; Withdrawal or Settlement D
14-8 Certifying That Pleadings Are Closed D
14-9 Privileged Cases in Assignment for Trial D

Part 15 — Trials in General; Argument by Counsel

15-1 Order of Trial
15-2 Separate Trials
15-3 Motion in Limine
15-4 Medical Evidence D
15-5 Order of Parties Proceeding at Trial
15-6 Opening Argument
15-7 Time Limit on Argument D
15-8 Dismissal in Court Cases for Failure To Make Out a Prima Facie Case

Part 16 — Jury Trials

16-1 Jurors Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
16-10 Order by Judicial Authority for Jury Trial of Factual Issues in Equitable Actions
16-11 Cases Presenting Both Legal and Equitable Issues
16-12 View by Jury of Place or Thing Involved in Case
16-13 Judgment of the Court
16-14 Communications between Parties and Jurors
16-15 Materials To Be Submitted to Jury
16-16 Jury Deliberations
16-17 Jury Returned for Reconsideration
16-18 Interrogatories to the Jury
16-19 Reading of Statement of Amount in Demand or Statement of Claim; Arguing Amount Recoverable
16-2 Challenge to Array D
16-20 Requests To Charge and Exceptions; Necessity for
16-21 Requests To Charge on Specific Claims
16-22 Filing Requests
16-23 Form and Contents of Requests To Charge
16-24 Charge Conference
16-25 Modification of Instructions for Correction or Clarification
16-26 Other Instructions after Additional Instructions
16-27 Jury Request for Review of Testimony
16-28 Jury Request for Additional Instructions
16-29 Deadlocked Jury
16-3 Preliminary Proceedings in Jury Selection
16-30 Verdict; Return of Verdict
16-31 Acceptance of Verdict
16-32 Poll of Jury after Verdict
16-33 Discharge of Jury
16-34 Impeachment of Verdict
16-35 Motions after Verdict: Motions in Arrest of Judgment, To Set Aside Verdict, for Additur or Remittitur, for New Trial, or for Collateral Source Reduction D
16-36 Motions To Reduce Verdict
16-37 Reservation of Decision on Motion for Directed Verdict
16-38 Memorandum on Setting Verdict Aside
16-4 Disqualification of Jurors and Selection of Panel
16-5 Peremptory Challenges
16-6 Voir Dire Examination
16-7 Juror Questions and Note-taking
16-8 Oath and Admonitions to Trial Jurors
16-9 Questions of Law and Fact

Part 17 — Judgments

17-1 Judgments in General
17-10 Modifying Judgment after Appeal
17-11 Offer of Compromise by Defendant; How Made D
17-12 Acceptance of Defendant's Offer D
17-13 Defendant's Offer Not Accepted
17-14 Offer of Compromise by Plaintiff; How Made D
17-14A Alleged Negligence of Health Care Provider D
17-15 Acceptance of Plaintiff's Offer D
17-16 Plaintiff's Offer Not Accepted D
17-17 Offer of Compromise and Acceptance Included in Record
17-18 Judgment where Plaintiff Recovers an Amount Equal to or Greater than Offer
17-19 Procedure where Party Fails To Comply with Order of Judicial Authority or To Appear for Trial
17-2 Judgment on Verdict and Otherwise
17-20 Motion for Default and Nonsuit for Failure To Appear D
17-21 Defaults under Servicemembers Civil Relief Act D
17-22 Notice of Judgments of Nonsuit and Default for Failure To Enter an Appearance D
17-23 Contract Actions To Pay a Definite Sum where There Is a Default for Failure To Appear; Limitations
17-24 Promise To Pay Liquidated Sum
17-25 Motion for Default and Judgment; Affidavit of Debt; Military Affidavit; Bill of Costs; Debt Instrument
17-26 Order for Weekly Payments
17-27 Entry of Judgment D
17-28 Enforcement of Judgment D
17-29 Default Motion Not on Short Calendar
17-2A Motions To Reduce Verdict D
17-3 Remittitur where Judgment Too Large
17-30 Summary Process; Default and Judgment for Failure To Appear or Plead D
17-31 Procedure where Party Is in Default D
17-32 Where Defendant Is in Default for Failure To Plead D
17-33 When Judgment May Be Rendered after a Default
17-33A Motions for Judgment of Foreclosure D
17-34 Hearings in Damages; Notice of Defenses
17-35 Requirements of Notice; Time D
17-36 Notice by Clerk D
17-37 Notice of Defense To Be Specific
17-38 Amending Notice of Defense
17-39 No Reply Allowed
17-4 Setting Aside or Opening Judgments D
17-40 Evidence To Reduce Damages
17-41 Relief Permissible on Default
17-42 Opening Defaults where Judgment Has Not Been Rendered
17-43 Opening Judgment upon Default or Nonsuit D
17-44 Summary Judgments; Scope of Remedy
17-45 Proceedings upon Motion for Summary Judgment D
17-46 Form of Affidavits
17-47 When Appropriate Documents Are Unavailable
17-48 Affidavits Made in Bad Faith
17-49 Judgment
17-4A Motions for New Trial D
17-5 Record of Proceeding; Facts Supporting Judgment To Appear on Record
17-50 Triable Issue as to Damages Only
17-51 Judgment for Part of Claim
17-52 Executions
17-53 Summary Process Executions
17-54 Declaratory Judgment; Scope
17-55 Conditions for Declaratory Judgment
17-56 Procedure for Declaratory Judgment
17-57 Costs in Declaratory Judgment
17-58 Declaratory Judgment Appealable
17-59 Order of Priorities in Declaratory Judgment
17-6 Form of Finding
17-7 Special Finding; Request D
17-8 Functions of Special Finding
17-9 Form and Contents of Special Finding

Part 18 — Fees and Costs

18-1 Vouchers for Court Expenses
18-10 Witness Fees in Several Suits
18-11 Witness Not Called; Fees
18-12 Costs where Several Issues
18-13 Several Defendants; Costs
18-14 Fees and Costs where Plaintiffs Join or Actions Are Consolidated
18-15 Costs where Both Legal and Equitable Issues
18-16 Costs on Complaint and Counterclaim
18-17 Costs on Counterclaim
18-18 Costs for Exhibits
18-19 Proceedings before Judge; No Costs
18-2 Costs on Appeal from Commissioners
18-3 Costs on Creditor's Appeal
18-4 Eminent Domain; Clerk's Fees
18-5 Taxation of Costs; Appeal D
18-6 Costs on Writ of Error
18-7 Costs on Interlocutory Proceedings
18-8 Jury Fee where More than One Trial
18-9 Nonresident Witnesses; Fees

Part 19 — References

19-1 Application of Chapter
19-10 Alternative Report
19-11 Amending Report
19-12 Motion To Correct
19-13 Exceptions to Report or Finding
19-14 Objections to Acceptance of Report
19-15 Time To File Objections D
19-16 Judgment on the Report D
19-17 Function of the Court
19-18 Extensions of Time
19-19 Reference to Accountant
19-2 Reference to Committee
19-2A Reference to Attorney Trial Referee
19-3 Reference to Judge Trial Referee
19-3A Reference to Special Assignment Probate Judge D
19-4 Attorney Trial Referees and Special Assignment Probate Judges; Time To File Report D
19-5 Appointment of Committee or Referee
19-6 Effect of Reference D
19-7 Pleadings
19-8 Report
19-9 Request for Finding

Part 20 — Hearings in Chambers

20-1 Procedure in Contested Matters
20-2 Certifying Proceedings to Court
20-3 Transfer of Hearings before Judges
20-4 Trial before Judge; Lodging File and Papers
20-5 Lodging Papers in Cause Affecting Land
20-6 Clerk Designated by Judge To Take Papers

Part 21 — Receivers

21-1 Appointment of Temporary Receiver in Chambers D
21-10 Hearing before Action on Allowance
21-11 Continuance of Business D
21-12 Reports where Business Continued D
21-13 Semiannual Summary of Orders D
21-14 Semiannual Accounts D
21-15 Orders in Chambers
21-16 Duty of Clerks
21-17 Removal of Receivers
21-18 Ancillary Receivers
21-19 Receiver of Rents; Applicability of Previous Sections
21-2 Permanent Receiver
21-20 Appointment
21-21 Bond
21-22 Discharge
21-23 Orders
21-24 Reports
21-25 Applicability of Rules
21-3 Appointments by Court D
21-4 Receiver To Give Bond
21-5 Inventory
21-6 Insolvent Estates To Be Liquidated
21-7 Presentation and Allowance of Claims; Presentation
21-8 Allowance; Hearing D
21-9 Extensions of Time

Part 22 — Unemployment Compensation

22-1 Appeal
22-2 Assignment for Hearing
22-3 Finding
22-4 Correction of Finding; Motion To Correct Finding D
22-5 Evidence To Be Filed by Appellee D
22-6 Motion To Correct by Appellee
22-7 Duty of Board on Motion To Correct
22-8 Claiming Error on Board's Decision on Motion To Correct D
22-9 Function of the Court

Part 23 — Miscellaneous Remedies and Procedures

23-1 Arbitration; Confirming, Correcting or Vacating Award
23-10 Transfer to Regular Docket
23-11 Offers of Judgment
23-12 Trial of Cases on Expedited Process Track
23-13 Granting of Complex Litigation Status and Assignment
23-14 Powers of Judge Assigned in Complex Litigation Cases
23-15 Request for Complex Litigation Status
23-16 Foreclosure of Mortgages
23-17 Listing of Law Days D
23-18 Proof of Debt in Foreclosures D
23-19 Motion for Deficiency Judgment D
23-2 Expedited Process Cases
23-20 Review of Civil Contempt D
23-21 Habeas Corpus
23-22 The Petition
23-23 Return of Noncomplying Petition
23-24 Preliminary Consideration of Judicial Authority
23-25 Waiver of Filing Fees and Costs of Service
23-26 Appointment of Counsel
23-27 Venue for Habeas Corpus
23-28 Transfer of Habeas Corpus
23-29 Dismissal
23-3 Placement on the Expedited Process Track
23-30 The Return
23-31 Reply to the Return
23-32 Amendments
23-33 Request for a More Specific Statement D
23-34 Summary Procedures for Habeas Corpus Petitions
23-35 Schedule for Filing Pleadings D
23-36 The Expanded Record
23-37 Summary Judgment in Habeas Corpus
23-38 Discovery in Habeas Corpus
23-39 Depositions in Habeas Corpus
23-4 Pleadings Allowed in Expedited Process Track Cases
23-40 Court Appearance in Habeas Corpus
23-41 Motion for Leave To Withdraw Appearance of Appointed Counsel D
23-42 Judicial Action on Motion for Permission To Withdraw Appearance
23-43 Interpleader; Pleadings
23-44 Procedure in Interpleader
23-45 Mandamus; Parties Plaintiff; Complaint
23-46 Mandamus Complaint
23-47 Mandamus Order in a Pending Action
23-48 Temporary Order of Mandamus
23-49 Pleadings in Mandamus
23-5 Motions Allowed
23-50 Writs of Error
23-51 Petition To Open Parking or Citation Assessment
23-52 Fact-Finding; Approval of Fact Finders D
23-53 Referral of Cases to Fact Finders
23-54 Selection of Fact Finders; Disqualification
23-55 Hearing in Fact-Finding
23-56 Finding of Facts D
23-57 Objections to Acceptance of Finding of Facts D
23-58 Action by Judicial Authority
23-59 Failure To Appear at Hearing
23-6 Discovery Allowed
23-60 Arbitration; Approval of Arbitrators D
23-61 Referral of Cases to Arbitrators
23-62 Selection of Arbitrators; Disqualification
23-63 Hearing in Arbitration
23-64 Decision of Arbitrator D
23-65 Failure To Appear at Hearing before Arbitrator D
23-66 Claim for Trial De Novo in Arbitration; Judgment D
23-67 Alternative Dispute Resolution D
23-68 Where Presence of Person May Be by Means of an Interactive Audiovisual Device
23-7 Discovery Procedure for Expedited Process Cases
23-8 Certification That Pleadings Are Closed
23-9 Case Management Conference for Expedited Process Track Cases

Part 24 — Small Claims

24-1 In General
24-10 Service of Small Claims Writ and Notice of Suit D
24-11 Further Service of Claim
24-12 Answer Date D
24-13 Alternative Method of Commencing Action
24-14 Notice of Time and Place of Hearing
24-15 Scheduling of Hearings; Continuances D
24-16 Answers; Requests for Time To Pay D
24-17 Prohibition of Certain Filings
24-18 Plaintiff To Inquire as to Answer Filed
24-19 Claim of Setoff or Counterclaim
24-2 Allowable Actions
24-20 Amendment of Claim or Answer, Setoff or Counterclaim; Motion To Dismiss
24-20A Request for Documents; Depositions
24-21 Transfer to Regular Docket D
24-22 Hearings in Small Claims Actions; Subpoenas
24-23 Procedure
24-24 Judgments in Small Claims; When Presence of the Plaintiff or Representative Is Not Required for Entry of Judgment
24-25 Failure of the Defendant To Answer
24-26 Failure of a Party To Appear before the Court when Required
24-27 Dismissal for Failure To Obtain Judgment D
24-28 Finality of Judgments and Decisions
24-29 Decision in Small Claims; Time Limit D
24-3 Institution of Actions; Electronic Filing
24-30 Satisfying Judgment D
24-31 Opening Judgment; Costs D
24-32 Execution in Small Claims Actions
24-33 Costs in Small Claims
24-4 Where Claims Shall Be Filed
24-5 Venue
24-6 Definition of ''Plaintiff'' and ''Representative''
24-7 What Constitutes File
24-8 Institution of Small Claims Actions; Beginning of Action
24-9 Preparation of Writ D

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Connecticut Rules of Civil Procedure

Part 16 · Jury Trials

Rule 16-36. Motions To Reduce Verdict

Amended January 1, 2026 (current)

[Reserved — text not available in source document.]

Source: Conn. Practice Book § 16-36 (pdf p. 266)

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