Part X · Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs

Rule 1001. Definitions that Apply to this Article

Amended January 1, 2025 (current)

In this article:

(a) A “writing” consists of letters, words, numbers, or their equivalent set down in any form

(b) A “recording” consists of letters, words, numbers, or their equivalent recorded in any manner

(c) A “photograph” means a photographic image or its equivalent stored in any form

(d) A “video” is an electronic visual medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, or displaying of moving images, which may or may not contain an audio recording

(e) An “original” of a writing, recording, or video means the writing, recording, or video itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by the person who executed, issued, or created it For electronically stored information, “original” means any printout--or other output perceived by sight--if it accurately reflects the information. An “original” of a photograph includes the negative or a print from it.

(f) A “duplicate” means a counterpart produced by a mechanical, photographic, chemical, electronic, or other equivalent process or technique that accurately reproduces the original